Duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da ISO/IEC 15118

Matsayin hukuma na TS EN ISO 15118 shine "Motocin Hanyoyi - Motar zuwa hanyar sadarwar grid." Yana iya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci da ƙa'idodi masu tabbatar da gaba da ake samu a yau.

Injin caji mai wayo wanda aka gina cikin ISO 15118 yana ba da damar daidaita ƙarfin grid tare da buƙatar kuzari don haɓakar adadin EVs waɗanda ke haɗuwa da grid ɗin lantarki. ISO 15118 kuma yana ba da damar canja wurin makamashi biyu don ganewaabin hawa-zuwa-gridaikace-aikace ta ciyar da makamashi daga EV baya zuwa grid lokacin da ake buƙata. ISO 15118 yana ba da damar ƙarin abokantaka na grid, amintacce, da dacewa da caji na EVs.

Tarihin ISO 15118

A cikin 2010, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya (ISO) da Hukumar Kula da Wutar Lantarki ta Duniya (IEC) sun haɗa ƙarfi don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar ISO/IEC 15118. A karon farko, masana daga masana'antar kera motoci da masana'antar amfani sun yi aiki tare don haɓaka ƙa'idar sadarwa ta duniya don cajin EVs. Ƙungiyar Haɗin gwiwar Aiki ta yi nasara wajen samar da mafita da aka amince da ita wanda yanzu shine babban ma'auni a manyan yankuna a fadin duniya kamar Turai, Amurka, Amurka ta Tsakiya/Kudanci, da Koriya ta Kudu. ISO 15118 kuma yana ɗaukar tallafi cikin sauri a Indiya da Ostiraliya. Bayanan kula akan tsarin: ISO ya ɗauki nauyin buga ma'auni kuma yanzu an san shi da kawai ISO 15118.

Vehicle-to-grid - haɗa EVs cikin grid

ISO 15118 yana ba da damar haɗin kai na EVs a cikingrid mai hankali(aka abin hawa-2-grid koabin hawa-zuwa-grid). grid mai wayo shine grid ɗin lantarki wanda ke haɗa masu samar da makamashi, masu amfani, da abubuwan grid kamar tasfoma ta hanyar fasahar bayanai da fasahar sadarwa, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a hoton da ke ƙasa.

ISO 15118 yana ba da damar EV da tashar caji don musanyawa da bayanai dangane da tsarin caji mai dacewa (sake-) tattaunawa. Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa motocin lantarki suna aiki a cikin hanyar da ba ta dace ba. A wannan yanayin, "Grid Friendly" yana nufin cewa na'urar tana goyan bayan cajin motoci da yawa a lokaci ɗaya yayin da ke hana grid yin nauyi. Aikace-aikacen caji mai hankali za su ƙididdige jadawalin cajin mutum ɗaya don kowane EV ta amfani da bayanin da ke akwai game da yanayin grid ɗin lantarki, buƙatun makamashi na kowane EV, da buƙatun motsi na kowane direba (lokacin tashi da kewayon tuki).

Ta wannan hanyar, kowane lokacin caji zai dace daidai da ƙarfin grid zuwa buƙatar wutar lantarki na cajin EVs lokaci guda. Yin caji a lokacin babban wadatar makamashi mai sabuntawa da / ko a lokutan da yawan amfani da wutar lantarki ya yi ƙasa shine ɗayan manyan lamuran amfani waɗanda za a iya aiwatar da su tare da ISO 15118.

Amintaccen sadarwa mai ƙarfi ta hanyar Plug & Charge

Wurin lantarki wani muhimmin kayan more rayuwa ne wanda ke buƙatar kariya daga yuwuwar hare-hare kuma direba yana buƙatar cajin da ya dace don makamashin da aka isar zuwa EV. Ba tare da amintaccen sadarwa tsakanin EVs da tashoshi masu caji ba, ɓangarori na uku masu mugun nufi za su iya murkushewa da gyara saƙonni da kuma lalata bayanan kuɗi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ISO 15118 ya zo tare da fasalin da ake kiraToshe & Caji. Plug & Charge yana tura hanyoyin sirruka da yawa don amintar da wannan sadarwar da kuma ba da garantin sirri, mutunci, da sahihancin duk bayanan da aka musayar.

Damar mai amfani azaman maɓalli ga ƙwarewar caji mara sumul

ISO 15118Toshe & Cajifasalin kuma yana bawa EV damar gano kanta ta atomatik zuwa tashar caji kuma ta sami izini ga makamashin da yake buƙata don cajin baturin ta. Wannan duk ya dogara ne akan takaddun shaida na dijital da maɓalli na jama'a da aka samar ta hanyar fasalin Plug & Charge. Mafi kyawun sashi? Direba baya buƙatar yin wani abu da ya wuce haɗa kebul ɗin caji cikin abin hawa da tashar caji (a lokacin cajin waya) ko yin fakin sama da kushin ƙasa (lokacin caji mara waya). Ayyukan shigar da katin kiredit, buɗe aikace-aikacen don bincika lambar QR, ko gano cewa katin RFID mai sauƙi a rasa wani abu ne na baya tare da wannan fasaha.

TS EN ISO 15118 zai yi tasiri sosai ga makomar cajin abin hawa na duniya saboda waɗannan mahimman abubuwa guda uku:

1. Daukaka ga abokin ciniki wanda yazo tare da Plug & Charge
2. Ingantattun tsaro na bayanai wanda ya zo tare da hanyoyin cryptographic da aka ayyana a cikin ISO 15118
3. Cajin wayo mai dacewa da Grid

Tare da waɗannan mahimman abubuwan a zuciya, bari mu shiga cikin ƙwaya da kusoshi na daidaitattun.

Iyali daftarin aiki na ISO 15118

Ma'auni da kansa, wanda ake kira "Motocin Hanya - Mota zuwa grid sadarwa interface", ya ƙunshi sassa takwas. Jita-jita ko dash da lamba suna nuna ɓangaren daban. ISO 15118-1 yana nufin sashi na ɗaya da sauransu.

A cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, zaku iya ganin yadda kowane ɓangare na ISO 15118 ke da alaƙa da ɗaya ko fiye na hanyoyin sadarwa guda bakwai waɗanda ke ayyana yadda ake sarrafa bayanai a cikin hanyar sadarwar sadarwa. Lokacin da aka shigar da EV a cikin tashar caji, mai kula da sadarwa na EV (wanda ake kira EVCC) da na'urorin sadarwa na tashar caji (SECC) suna kafa hanyar sadarwa. Manufar wannan hanyar sadarwar ita ce musayar saƙonni da kuma fara caji. Dukansu EVCC da SECC dole ne su samar da waɗannan matakan aiki guda bakwai (kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin ingantaccen tsari.ISO/OSI sadarwa tari) don aiwatar da bayanan da suke aikawa da karɓa. Kowane Layer yana ginawa a kan aikin da aka samar ta hanyar da ke ƙasa, yana farawa tare da Layer ɗin aikace-aikacen a sama har zuwa ƙasan Layer na zahiri.

Misali: Layer na zahiri da kuma bayanan haɗin yanar gizo suna ƙayyade yadda EV da tashar caji za su iya musayar saƙonni ta amfani da kebul na caji (sadar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar modem na Home Plug Green PHY kamar yadda aka bayyana a ISO 15118-3) ko haɗin Wi-Fi ( IEEE 802.11n kamar yadda aka ambata ta ISO 15118-8) azaman matsakaici na zahiri. Da zarar an saita hanyar haɗin bayanan da kyau, cibiyar sadarwa da layin sufuri na sama na iya dogara da shi don kafa abin da ake kira haɗin TCP/IP don daidaita saƙon da kyau daga EVCC zuwa SECC (da baya). Layin aikace-aikacen da ke saman yana amfani da kafaffen hanyar sadarwa don musanya kowane saƙo mai alaƙa da amfani, ya kasance don cajin AC, cajin DC, ko caji mara waya.

Lokacin tattaunawa game da ISO 15118 gabaɗaya, wannan ya ƙunshi saitin ƙa'idodi a cikin wannan babban taken. Ma'auni da kansu sun kasu kashi-kashi. Kowane sashe yana ɗaukar matakan da aka riga aka ƙayyade kafin a buga shi azaman ma'auni na duniya (IS). Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa za ku iya samun bayani game da “halayen” kowane sashe a cikin sassan da ke ƙasa. Matsayin yana nuna kwanan watan buga IS, wanda shine mataki na ƙarshe akan jerin lokutan ayyukan daidaitattun ISO.

Bari mu nutse cikin kowane sassan daftarin aiki daban-daban.

Tsarin tsari da tsarin lokaci don buga ka'idodin ISO

Hoton da ke sama yana fayyace tsarin lokaci na tsarin daidaitawa a cikin ISO. An fara aiwatar da tsarin tare da Sabon Tsarin Kayan Aiki (NWIP ko NP) wanda ke shiga cikin matakin Tsarin Kwamitin (CD) bayan tsawon watanni 12. Da zaran CD yana samuwa (kawai ƙwarewar fasaha kawai waɗanda membobin ƙimar jiki), lokaci na ƙwararru na watanni uku na farawa lokacin da waɗannan masana zasu iya samar da maganganu da kuma maganganun fasaha. Da zaran an gama lokacin yin tsokaci, za a warware maganganun da aka tattara a cikin tarukan yanar gizo na kan layi da kuma tarurrukan fuska-da-fuki

Sakamakon wannan aikin haɗin gwiwa, an tsara daftarin Ma'auni na Ƙasashen Duniya (DIS) sannan a buga shi. Ƙungiyar Haɗin gwiwar Aiki na iya yanke shawara don tsara CD na biyu idan ƙwararrun sun ji cewa takardar ba ta riga ta shirya don ɗaukarsa azaman DIS ba. DIS ita ce takarda ta farko da za a fito fili kuma ana iya siyan ta akan layi. Za a gudanar da wani lokaci na sharhi da jefa kuri'a bayan an fitar da DIS, kamar tsarin tsarin CD.

Mataki na ƙarshe kafin Ƙididdiga na Ƙasashen Duniya (IS) shine Tsarin Ƙarshe na Ƙarshe na Ƙasashen Duniya (FDIS). Wannan mataki ne na zaɓi wanda za'a iya tsallakewa idan ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun da ke aiki akan wannan ma'aunin suna jin cewa takaddar ta kai matakin inganci. FDIS takarda ce da ba ta ba da izinin ƙarin canje-canje na fasaha ba. Don haka, sharhin edita kawai ake yarda a wannan lokacin sharhi. Kamar yadda kake gani daga adadi, tsarin daidaitawar ISO na iya bambanta daga watanni 24 zuwa watanni 48 gabaɗaya.

A cikin yanayin ISO 15118-2, ma'aunin ya ɗauki tsari sama da shekaru huɗu kuma za a ci gaba da inganta shi kamar yadda ake buƙata (duba ISO 15118-20). Wannan tsari yana tabbatar da cewa ya kasance na zamani kuma ya dace da yawancin lokuta na musamman na amfani a duniya.