Wannan labarin yana bayyana juyin halittar ka'idar OCPP, haɓakawa daga sigar 1.5 zuwa 2.0.1, yana nuna haɓakar tsaro, caji mai hankali, haɓaka fasali, da sauƙaƙan lamba a cikin sigar 2.0.1, da kuma babbar rawar da take takawa wajen cajin abin hawa na lantarki. .
I. Gabatarwa na OCPP Protocol
Cikakken sunan OCPP shine Open Charge Point Protocol, wanda kyauta ce kuma buɗaɗɗiyar yarjejeniya ta OCA (Open Charge Alliance), ƙungiya ce a Netherlands. Ƙa'idar Buɗaɗɗen Cajin (OCPP) haɗin gwiwar tsarin sadarwa ne tsakanin CS da kowane Tsarin Gudanar da Tasha (CSMS). Wannan tsarin gine-ginen yana tallafawa haɗin gwiwar kowane tsarin gudanarwa na mai ba da sabis na caji tare da duk tashoshin caji, kuma an tsara shi da farko don magance matsalolin sadarwa da ke tasowa a cikin cibiyoyin caji masu zaman kansu.OCPP tana goyan bayan sarrafa sadarwa tsakanin tashoshin caji da tsarin gudanarwa na tsakiya. kowane mai bayarwa. OCPP tana goyan bayan sadarwa tsakanin tashoshin caji da tsarin gudanarwa na tsakiya na kowane mai bayarwa. Yana canza yanayin rufaffiyar hanyoyin sadarwar caji masu zaman kansu, wanda ya haifar da matsala ga adadi mai yawa na masu mallakar EV da manajan gidaje, kuma ya haifar da kiran tartsatsi don buɗaɗɗen samfuri a cikin masana'antar.
Fa'idodin ka'idar OCPP
Buɗe & kyauta don amfani
Yana hana kullewa zuwa mai bayarwa guda ɗaya (dandalin caji)
Rage lokacin haɗin kai / ƙoƙari da batutuwan IT
1. Tarihin OCPP
2. Gabatarwar sigar OCPP
Kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa, daga OCPP1.5 zuwa sabuwar OCPP2.0.1
Saboda akwai ka'idojin mallakar mallaka da yawa a cikin masana'antar don tallafawa haɗin haɗin gwanin sabis da haɗin kai tsakanin sabis na ma'aikata daban-daban, OCA ta jagoranci haɓaka ƙa'idar budewa OCPP1.5. SOAP yana iyakance ta hanyar ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodinta kuma ba za a iya yaɗa shi da sauri ba.
OCPP 1.5 yana sadarwa tare da tsarin tsakiya ta hanyar ka'idar SOAP bisa ka'idar HTTP don gudanar da wuraren caji Yana goyan bayan ayyuka masu zuwa: Ma'amaloli na gida da na nesa, gami da ƙididdige lissafin kuɗi.
(3) OCPP1.6 (SOAP/JSON)
Sigar OCPP1.6, ta shiga tsarin aiwatar da tsarin JSON, kuma ya ƙara haɓaka caji mai wayo. Sigar JSON ta kasance ta hanyar sadarwar WebSocket, na iya kasancewa a cikin kowane mahallin cibiyar sadarwa don aika bayanan juna, ka'idojin da aka fi amfani da su a kasuwa shine sigar 1.6J, goyon bayan tsarin tsarin JSON na tushen ka'idar websockets don rage zirga-zirgar bayanai (JSON, websockets). bayanan JSON na tushen yarjejeniya don rage zirga-zirgar bayanai).
Yana goyan bayan tsarin tsarin JSON bisa ka'idar websockets don rage zirga-zirgar bayanai (JSON, Wakilin Abun JavaScript, sigar musayar bayanai ce mara nauyi) kuma tana ba da damar aiki akan cibiyoyin sadarwa waɗanda basa goyan bayan fakitin fakitin caji (misali, intanet na jama'a). Cajin mai wayo: daidaita nauyi, caji mai wayo mai matsakaici da caji mai wayo na gida. Bada izinin caji don sake aika bayanan nasu (dangane da bayanin wurin caji na yanzu), kamar ƙima ta ƙarshe ko yanayin wurin caji.
(4) OCPP 2.0 (JSON)
OCPP 2.0, wanda aka saki a cikin 2018, yana haɓaka sarrafa ma'amala, haɓaka tsaro, sarrafa na'ura: yana ƙara aikin caji mai kaifin baki, don topologies tare da tsarin sarrafa makamashi (EMS), masu kula da gida, da kuma EVs tare da haɗaɗɗen caji mai kaifin baki, tashoshin caji da tsarin sarrafa tashar caji . Yana goyan bayan TS EN ISO 15118: Toshe da Wasa da buƙatun Cajin Smart don motocin lantarki.
(5) OCPP 2.0.1 (JSON)
OCPP 2.0.1 shine sabon sigar, wanda aka saki a cikin 2020. Yana ba da sabbin abubuwa da haɓakawa kamar tallafi don ISO15118 (Toshe da Kunna), ingantaccen tsaro da ingantaccen aiki gabaɗaya.
3. Daidaituwar Sigar OCPP
OCPP1.x ya dace da ƙananan sigogi, OCPP1.6 ya dace da OCPP1.5, OCPP1.5 ya dace da OCPP1.2.
OCPP2.0.1 bai dace da OCPP1.6, OCPP2.0.1 ko da yake wasu abubuwan da ke cikin OCPP1.6 ma suna da, amma tsarin tsarin bayanai ya bambanta da wanda aka aiko.
Na biyu, OCPP 2.0.1 yarjejeniya
1. Bambanci tsakanin OCPP 2.0.1 da OCPP 1.6
Idan aka kwatanta da sigogin farko kamar OCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0. 1 yana da manyan ci gaba a fannoni masu zuwa:
a. Ingantaccen tsaro
OCPP2.0.1 tsaro ne mai taurare ta hanyar gabatar da hanyoyin haɗin HTTPS bisa Secure Sockets Layer da sabon tsarin sarrafa takaddun shaida don tabbatar da tsaro na sadarwa.
b.Ƙara Sabbin Halaye
OCPP2.0.1 yana ƙara sabbin abubuwa da yawa, gami da sarrafa caji mai hankali, da ƙarin cikakken rahoton kuskure da bincike.
c. Ƙarin Zane Mai Sauƙi
An ƙera OCPP2.0.1 don ya zama mafi sassauƙa don biyan buƙatun ƙarin hadaddun aikace-aikace daban-daban.
d. Sauƙaƙe Code
OCPP2.0.1 yana sauƙaƙa lambar, yana sauƙaƙa aiwatar da software.
OCPP2.0.1 sabunta firmware ya ƙara sa hannun dijital, don hana saukarwar firmware bai cika ba, yana haifar da gazawar sabunta firmware.
A aikace aikace, OCPP2.0.1 yarjejeniya za a iya amfani da su gane m iko na caji tari, real-lokaci saka idanu na cajin hali, mai amfani Tantance kalmar sirri da sauran ayyuka, wanda ƙwarai inganta yin amfani da caji kayan aiki, inganci da aminci.OCPP2.0.1 cikakkun bayanai.OCPP2.0.1. da ayyuka fiye da nau'in 1.6 na mutane da yawa, ci gaban wahala kuma ya karu.
2, OCPP2.0.1 gabatarwar aiki
OCPP 2.0.1 yarjejeniya ita ce sabuwar sigar OCPP yarjejeniya. Idan aka kwatanta da OCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0.1 yarjejeniya ta yi gyare-gyare da yawa da ingantawa. Babban abinda ke ciki sun haɗa da:
Isar da Saƙo: OCP 2.0.1 yana ƙara sabbin nau'ikan saƙon kuma yana canza tsoffin tsarin saƙon don haɓaka inganci da aiki.
Takaddun Takaddun Dijital: A cikin OPC 2.0.1, an ƙaddamar da hanyoyin tsaro na tushen takaddun shaida don samar da ƙaƙƙarfan amincin na'urar da kariyar amincin saƙo. Wannan babban ci gaba ne akan hanyoyin tsaro na OCPP1.6.
Samfuran Bayanai: OPC 2.0.1 tana sabunta ƙirar bayanai don haɗa da tallafi don sabbin nau'ikan na'ura da fasali.
Gudanar da Na'ura: OPC 2.0.1 yana ba da ƙarin cikakkun ayyukan sarrafa na'ura, gami da daidaitawar na'urar, gyara matsala, sabunta software, da sauransu.
Samfuran ɓangaren: OCP 2.0.1 yana gabatar da samfurin sassauƙa mai sassauƙa wanda za'a iya amfani da shi don kwatanta hadaddun na'urori da tsarin caji. Wannan yana taimakawa ba da damar ƙarin abubuwan ci gaba kamar V2G (Motar zuwa Grid).
Cajin mai wayo: OCPP2.0.1 yana ƙara goyan baya don caji mai wayo, misali, ana iya daidaita ƙarfin caji gwargwadon yanayin grid ko buƙatun mai amfani.
Identity na mai amfani da izini: OCPP2.0.1 yana ba da ingantattun hanyoyin gano mai amfani da hanyoyin ba da izini, yana goyan bayan hanyoyin tantance mai amfani da yawa, kuma yana gabatar da buƙatu mafi girma don kariyar bayanan mai amfani.
III. Gabatarwa zuwa aikin OCPP
1. Cajin hankali
Tsarin Gudanar da Makamashi na Waje (EMS)
OCPP 2.0.1 tana magance wannan matsala ta hanyar gabatar da tsarin sanarwa wanda ke sanar da CSMS (Tsarin Gudanar da Cajin) na ƙuntatawa na waje. Abubuwan cajin caji kai tsaye waɗanda ke tallafawa tsarin sarrafa makamashi (EMS) na iya magance yanayi da yawa:
Motocin lantarki da aka haɗa zuwa wuraren caji (ta ISO 15118)
OCPP 2.0.1 tana goyan bayan ka'idar sabunta ISO 15118 don sadarwar EVSE-zuwa-EV. TS ISO 15118 daidaitaccen cajin toshe-da-wasa da caji mai wayo (gami da abubuwan shigarwa daga EVs) sun fi sauƙin aiwatarwa ta amfani da OCPP 2.0.1. Kunna ma'aikatan tashar caji don aika saƙonni (daga CSMS) game da tashoshin caji don nunawa ga direbobin EV.
Smart caji yana amfani:
(1) Load Balancer
Load Balancer yana nufin nauyin ciki na tashar caji. Tashar caji za ta sarrafa ikon caji na kowane wurin caji bisa ga tsarin da aka riga aka tsara. Za a saita tashar caji tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar iyaka, kamar matsakaicin fitarwa na halin yanzu. Bugu da kari, tsarin ya hada da zaɓuɓɓukan zaɓi don inganta rarraba wutar lantarki na tashoshin caji zuwa tashoshin caji ɗaya. Wannan saitin yana gaya wa tashar caji cewa kuɗin da ke ƙasa da wannan ƙima ba shi da inganci kuma ya kamata a zaɓi wasu dabarun caji.
(2) Babban cajin hankali
Babban cajin mai wayo yana ɗauka cewa tsarin tsakiya yana sarrafa iyakokin caji, wanda ke ƙididdige sashi ko duk jadawalin caji bayan karɓar bayanan hasashen ma'aikacin grid game da ƙarfin grid, kuma tsarin tsakiya zai sanya iyakokin caji akan tashoshin caji da saita iyakokin caji. ta hanyar amsa sakonni.
(3) Cajin hankali na gida
Ana samun cajin hankali na cikin gida ta mai kula da gida, wanda yayi daidai da wakili na ka'idar OCPP, alhakin karɓar saƙonni daga tsarin tsakiya da sarrafa halin caji na sauran tashoshin caji a cikin rukuni. Mai kula da kansa yana iya sanye take da tashoshin caji ko a'a. A cikin yanayin cajin hankali na gida, mai kula da gida yana iyakance ikon caji na tashar caji. Yayin caji, ana iya canza ƙimar iyaka. Ƙimar iyaka na ƙungiyar caji za a iya daidaita shi a gida ko ta tsarin tsakiya.
2. Gabatarwar Tsarin
tsarin tsari
software gine
Modulolin aiki a cikin ka'idar OCPP2.0.1 galibi sun haɗa da tsarin Canja wurin Data, Tsarin izini, Tsarin Tsaro, Modulun Ma'amaloli, Modulun Ƙimar Mita, Modulun Kuɗi, Modulun ajiyar ajiya, Modul Cajin Smart, Tsarin bincike, Tsarin Gudanar da Firmware da Modulun Saƙon Nuni
IV. Ci gaban OCPP na gaba
1. Amfanin OCPP
OCPP yarjejeniya ce ta kyauta kuma buɗe, kuma hanya ce mai inganci don warware haɗin haɗin caji na yanzu, kuma an shahara kuma an yi amfani da shi a ƙasashe da yawa na duniya, haɗin kan gaba tsakanin sabis na ma'aikaci zai sami harshe don sadarwa.
Kafin zuwan OCPP, kowane mai yin cajin gidan waya ya ƙirƙira ƙa'idodin mallakarsa don haɗa ƙarshen ƙarshen, don haka kulle masu cajin gidan waya zuwa masana'anta na caji guda ɗaya. Yanzu, tare da kusan dukkanin masana'antun kayan masarufi da ke tallafawa OCPP, masu yin cajin gidan waya suna da 'yanci don zaɓar kayan aiki daga kowane mai siyarwa, yana sa kasuwa ta fi gasa.
Haka abin yake ga masu dukiya/masu kasuwanci; lokacin da suka sayi tashar cajin da ba OCPP ba ko kwangila tare da CPO wanda ba OCPP ba, ana kulle su a cikin takamaiman tashar caji da mai cajin gidan waya. Amma tare da kayan aikin caji mai jituwa na OCPP, masu gida na iya kasancewa masu zaman kansu daga masu samar da su. Masu mallaka suna da 'yanci don zaɓar ƙarin gasa, mafi kyawun farashi, ko mafi kyawun CPO mai aiki. Hakanan, za su iya faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwar su ta hanyar haɗa kayan aikin caji daban-daban ba tare da tarwatsa abubuwan da ke akwai ba.
Tabbas, babban fa'idar EVs shine cewa direbobin EV basa buƙatar dogaro da mai cajin gidan waya guda ɗaya ko mai siyar da EV. Kamar yadda yake tare da siyan tashoshi na caji na OCPP, direbobin EV na iya canzawa zuwa mafi kyawun CPOs/EMPs. na biyu, amma fa'ida mai mahimmanci shine ikon amfani da yawo na e-motsi.
2, OCPP a matsayin cajin abin hawa na lantarki
(1) OCPP yana taimakawa EVSE da CSMS sadarwa tare da juna
(2) Izinin masu amfani da motocin lantarki don fara caji
(3) Canji na nisa na tsarin caji, iko na caji mai nisa (farawa/tsayawa), gun buɗewa na nesa (ID mai haɗawa)
(4) Matsayi na ainihi na tashar caji (samuwa, dakatarwa, dakatarwa, EV/EVSE mara izini), bayanan caji na ainihi, amfani da wutar lantarki na ainihi, gazawar EVSE na ainihi.
(5) Smart caji (rage grid lodi)
(6) Gudanar da Firmware (OTAA)
An kafa Linkpower a cikin 2018, tare da fiye da shekaru 8 da nufin samar da bincike mai mahimmanci da haɓakawa ga tashoshin caji na AC/DC EV, gami da software, hardware, bayyanar, da dai sauransu.
Dukansu AC da DC caja mai sauri tare da OCPP1.6 software sun riga sun gama gwaji tare da masu samar da dandamali sama da 100 OCPP. A lokaci guda, za mu iya sabunta OCPP1.6J zuwa OCPP2.0.1 kuma an samar da maganin EVSE na kasuwanci tare da IEC/ISO15118 kayayyaki, wanda shine mataki mai mahimmanci ga fahimtar V2G caji bi-directional.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-21-2024