Yayin da sauye-sauyen duniya zuwa tattalin arzikin kasa mai karancin iskar Carbon da makamashin kore ke kara habaka, gwamnatoci a duniya suna inganta amfani da fasahohin makamashi masu sabuntawa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da saurin haɓaka wuraren cajin motocin lantarki da sauran aikace-aikace, an ƙara damuwa game da iyakokin tsarin wutar lantarki na gargajiya dangane da tasirin muhalli da kwanciyar hankali. Ta hanyar haɗa fasahohin microgrid masu sabuntawa cikin tsarin caji, ba wai kawai za a iya rage dogaro ga albarkatun mai ba, har ma za a iya inganta juriya da ingancin dukkan tsarin makamashi. Wannan takarda ta bincika mafi kyawun ayyuka don haɗa wuraren caji tare da microgrids masu sabuntawa daga mahalli da yawa: haɗin cajin gida, haɓaka fasahar tashar cajin jama'a, bambance-bambancen aikace-aikacen makamashi daban-daban, tallafin grid da dabarun rage haɗari, da haɗin gwiwar masana'antu don fasaha na gaba.
Haɗin Makamashi Mai Sabuntawa a Cajin Gida
Tare da haɓakar motocin lantarki (EVs),Cajin gidaya zama muhimmin bangare na rayuwar yau da kullun masu amfani. Koyaya, cajin gida na gargajiya galibi yakan dogara da wutar lantarki, wanda akai-akai ya haɗa da tushen mai, yana iyakance fa'idodin muhalli na EVs. Don yin cajin gida ya zama mai dorewa, masu amfani za su iya haɗa makamashin da za a iya sabuntawa cikin tsarin su. Misali, shigar da hasken rana ko kananan injin turbin iska a gida na iya samar da makamashi mai tsafta don yin caji yayin rage dogaro da wutar lantarki ta al'ada. A cewar Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya (IEA), samar da hasken rana na duniya ya karu da kashi 22% a cikin 2022, wanda ke nuna saurin ci gaban makamashi mai sabuntawa.
Don rage farashi da haɓaka wannan ƙirar, ana ƙarfafa masu amfani don yin haɗin gwiwa tare da masana'antun don haɗa kayan aiki da rangwamen shigarwa. Bincike daga Laboratory Energy Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) na Amurka ya nuna cewa yin amfani da tsarin hasken rana na gida don cajin EV na iya rage fitar da iskar carbon da kashi 30% -50%, ya danganta da mahaɗin makamashin grid na gida. Bugu da ƙari, masu amfani da hasken rana na iya adana ƙarfin rana da yawa don yin cajin dare, haɓaka ƙarfin kuzari. Wannan hanya ba kawai rage yawan amfani da man fetur ba har ma tana ceton masu amfani da tsadar wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci.
Haɓaka Fasaha don Tashoshin Cajin Jama'a
Tashoshin cajin jama'asuna da mahimmanci ga masu amfani da EV, kuma ƙarfinsu na fasaha yana tasiri kai tsaye ga kwarewar caji da sakamakon muhalli. Don haɓaka aiki, ana ba da shawarar haɓaka tashoshi zuwa tsarin wutar lantarki mai matakai uku don tallafawa fasahar caji mai sauri. Dangane da ka'idodin wutar lantarki na Turai, tsarin matakai uku suna ba da mafi girman fitarwar wutar lantarki fiye da na lokaci-lokaci, yanke lokutan caji zuwa ƙasa da mintuna 30, haɓaka sauƙin mai amfani sosai. Koyaya, haɓaka grid kadai bai isa ba don dorewa-dole ne a gabatar da sabbin makamashi da hanyoyin ajiya.
Hasken rana da iska sun dace da tashoshin cajin jama'a. Shigar da fale-falen hasken rana akan rufin tashar ko sanya injin turbin iska a kusa zai iya samar da tsaftataccen wutar lantarki. Ƙara batirin ajiyar makamashi yana ba da damar ƙetare ƙarfin rana don adanawa don amfani da dare ko lokacin kololuwar sa'a. BloombergNEF ta ba da rahoton cewa farashin batir ajiyar makamashi ya ragu kusan kashi 90 cikin 100 a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, yanzu ƙasa da $150 a kowace kilowatt-hour, wanda ke ba da damar jigilar manyan ayyuka ta hanyar tattalin arziki. A California, wasu tashoshi sun karɓi wannan ƙirar, suna rage dogaron grid har ma da tallafawa grid yayin buƙatu kololuwa, suna samun haɓaka makamashi na biyu.
Aikace-aikacen Madadin Makamashi Daban-daban
Bayan hasken rana da iska, cajin EV na iya shiga cikin wasu hanyoyin samar da makamashi don biyan buƙatu daban-daban. Biofuels, zaɓi na tsaka-tsakin carbon wanda aka samo daga tsire-tsire ko sharar yanayi, ya dace da tashoshi masu buƙatu masu ƙarfi. Bayanai na Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka sun nuna fitar da iskar carbon na tsawon rayuwa sama da kashi 50 cikin 100 idan aka kwatanta da burbushin halittu, tare da fasahar samar da balagagge. Micro-hydropower ya dace da yankunan kusa da koguna ko rafuka; kodayake ƙananan sikelin, yana ba da ƙarfin ƙarfi ga ƙananan tashoshi.
Kwayoyin man fetur na hydrogen, fasahar fitar da sifili, suna samun karbuwa. Suna samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar halayen hydrogen-oxygen, suna samun aiki sama da 60% - wanda ya zarce kashi 25% -30% na injunan gargajiya. Majalisar makamashi ta kasa da kasa ta lura cewa, fiye da kasancewar yanayin yanayi, yawan man fetur na hydrogen ya dace da EVs masu nauyi ko manyan tashoshin zirga-zirga. Ayyukan matukin jirgi na Turai sun haɗa hydrogen cikin tashoshi masu caji, wanda ke nuna yuwuwar sa a haɗar makamashin nan gaba. Zaɓuɓɓukan makamashi iri-iri suna haɓaka daidaitawar masana'antu zuwa yanayi daban-daban na yanki da yanayin yanayi.
Ƙarfafa Grid da Dabarun Rage Hatsari
A cikin yankuna da ke da iyakataccen ƙarfin grid ko babban haɗarin duhu, dogaro kawai akan grid na iya yin rauni. Kashe-grid wutar lantarki da tsarin ajiya suna ba da kari mai mahimmanci. Saitunan kashe grid, masu ƙarfi ta hanyar hasken rana ko raka'o'in iska, suna tabbatar da ci gaba da caji yayin fita. Bayanai na Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka sun nuna cewa watsar da ajiyar makamashi na iya rage haɗarin rushewar grid da kashi 20-30% yayin da ke haɓaka amincin wadata.
Tallafin gwamnati tare da saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu sune mabuɗin wannan dabarun. Misali, kididdigar harajin tarayya na Amurka yana ba da sassaucin farashi har zuwa 30% don ajiya da ayyukan sabuntawa, yana sauƙaƙe nauyin saka hannun jari na farko. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin ajiya na iya haɓaka farashi ta hanyar adana wutar lantarki lokacin da farashin yayi ƙanƙanta da sakewa yayin kololuwa. Wannan sarrafa makamashi mai wayo yana ƙarfafa juriya kuma yana ba da fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi don ayyukan tashoshi na dogon lokaci.
Haɗin gwiwar Masana'antu da Fasaha na gaba
Haɗin kai mai zurfi na caji tare da microgrids mai sabuntawa yana buƙatar fiye da ƙirƙira - haɗin gwiwar masana'antu yana da mahimmanci. Kamfanoni masu caji ya kamata su yi haɗin gwiwa tare da masu samar da makamashi, masu yin kayan aiki, da ƙungiyoyin bincike don haɓaka hanyoyin warware matsalar. Tsarukan haɗaɗɗun iska-rana, suna ba da damar haɓaka yanayin maɓuɓɓuka biyu, suna tabbatar da ikon kowane lokaci. Aikin “Horizon 2020” na Turai yana misalta wannan, haɗa iska, hasken rana, da ma'ajiya zuwa ingantaccen microgrid don caji tashoshi.
Fasahar grid mai wayo tana ba da ƙarin dama. Ta hanyar saka idanu da nazarin bayanai a ainihin lokacin, yana inganta rarraba makamashi tsakanin tashoshi da grid. Matukin jirgi na Amurka sun nuna grid masu wayo na iya yanke sharar makamashi da kashi 15% -20% yayin da suke haɓaka ingancin tasha. Waɗannan haɗin gwiwar da ci gaban fasaha suna haɓaka ci gaba mai dorewa da haɓaka ƙwarewar mai amfani.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-28-2025