I. Juyin Juya Hali na FERC 2222 & V2G
Dokar Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Tarayya (FERC) mai lamba 2222, wacce aka kafa a cikin 2020, ta kawo sauyi ga rarraba albarkatun makamashi (DER) a kasuwannin wutar lantarki. Wannan ƙa'idar alamar ƙasa ta umurci Ƙungiyoyin watsa shirye-shiryen Yanki (RTOs) da Masu Gudanar da Tsarin Tsare-tsare (ISOs) don ba da damar kasuwa ga masu tarawa DER, a hukumance haɗa fasahar Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) cikin tsarin kasuwancin wutar lantarki na juma'a a karon farko.
- Dangane da bayanan haɗin kai na PJM, masu tara V2G sun sami kuɗin shiga $32/MWh daga sabis na ƙayyadaddun mitar a cikin 2024, yana wakiltar ƙimar 18% akan albarkatun tsara na yau da kullun. Babban nasarorin sun haɗa da:Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi: An rage girman mafi ƙarancin shiga daga 2MW zuwa 100kW (wanda ya dace da 80% na V2G gungu)
- Ciniki-Node: Yana ba da damar ingantattun hanyoyin caji/fitarwa a cikin kuɗaɗen farashi da yawa
- Rijistar Shaida Biyu: EVs na iya yin rajista azaman duka kaya da albarkatun tsara
II. Mahimman Abubuwan Abubuwan Rarraba Harajin V2G
1. Harajin Sabis na Kasuwa
• Ƙa'idar Mitar (FRM): Lissafi na 55-70% na jimlar kudaden shiga na V2G, yana buƙatar ± 0.015Hz daidai a kasuwannin CAISO
Ƙarfin Ƙarfi: NYSO yana biyan $45/kW-shekara don samun V2G
• Ƙaddamar da Makamashi: Yana haɓaka bambance-bambancen farashin lokacin amfani ($0.28/kWh kololuwar kwarin da aka bazu a cikin PJM 2024)
2. Hanyoyin Rarraba Kuɗi
3. Kayayyakin Gudanar da Hadarin
• Haƙƙin Ba da Kuɗi (FTRs): Kulle cikin cunkoso kudaden shiga
• Abubuwan Haɓaka Yanayi: Jujjuya ƙarfin baturi yayin matsanancin zafi
Blockchain Smart Kwangiloli: Ba da damar sasantawa na ainihin-lokaci a kasuwannin ERCOT
III. Kwatancen Kwatancen Samfuran Kuɗi
Model 1: Kafaffen Rarraba
• Yanayi: Masu farawa/masu aiki na jiragen ruwa
• Nazarin Harka: Electrify America & Amazon Logistics (85/15 mai aiki / rabar mai shi)
• Iyakance: Rashin hankali ga rashin daidaituwar farashin kasuwa
Samfurin 2: Rarraba Tsara
• Tsarin tsari:
Harajin Mai Mallaka = α× Farashin Tabo + β× Biyan Ƙarfin Ƙarfi - γ× Ƙimar Ragewa (α=0.65, β=0.3, γ=0.05 matsakaiciyar masana'antu)Amfani: Ana buƙata don tallafin shirin NEVI na tarayya
Samfurin 3: Samfurin Adalci
• Sabuntawa:
• Ford Pro Cajin yana ba da takaddun shaida shiga kudaden shiga
• 0.0015% daidaitaccen aikin a kowace kayan aiki na MWh
IV. Kalubalen Biyayya & Magani
1. Bukatun Fahimtar Bayanai
• Haɗuwa da ƙa'idodin NERC CIP-014 na zamani (samfurin ≥0.2Hz)
• Hanyoyi na tantancewa ta amfani da FERC-717 da aka amince da maganin blockchain
2. Rigakafin magudin kasuwa
• Algorithms ciniki na rigakafin wanke-wanke gano alamu mara kyau
• Iyakar 200MW a kowace tara a NYSO
3. Muhimman Yarjejeniyar Mai Amfani
• Keɓancewar garantin baturi (> hawan keke na shekara 300)
• Hakkokin fitarwa na wajibi a lokacin gaggawa (ƙayyadaddun yarda da jiha)
V. Nazarin Shari'ar Masana'antu
Harka 1: Aikin Gundumar Makarantun California
• Kanfigareshan: 50 lantarki bas (Lion Electric) tare da 6MWh ajiya
• Magudanar Kuɗi:
Ka'idojin mitar 82% CAISO
Ƙarfafa 13% SGIP
5% tanadin lissafin kayan aiki
• Raba: 70% gundumar / 30% mai aiki
Case 2: Tesla Virtual Power Plant 3.0
• Sabuntawa:
Yana Haɗa Batirin Powerwall & EV
Haɓaka ma'ajiya mai ƙarfi (7: 3 rabon gida/mota)
Aiki na 2024: $1,280 na shekara-shekara / samun mai amfani
VI. Yanayin Gaba & Hasashen
Juyin Halitta:
SAE J3072 haɓaka (500kW+ caji bidirectional)
IEEE 1547-2028 ka'idojin murkushe masu jituwa
Ƙirƙirar Samfuran Kasuwanci:
Rangwamen inshora na tushen amfani (matukin ci gaba)
Samun kuɗin Carbon (0.15t CO2e/MWh ƙarƙashin WCI)
Abubuwan Haɓakawa:
Tashoshin sasantawa na FERC na V2G (2026 ana sa ran)
NERC PRC-026-3 tsarin tsaro na intanet
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-12-2025