Menene Kayan Aikin Samar da Motar Lantarki (EVSE)?
A karkashin kalaman na duniya sufuri electrification da kore makamashi miƙa mulki, EV caji kayan aiki (EVSE, Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment) ya zama core kayayyakin more rayuwa don inganta ci da sufuri, EVSE ne ba kawai a caji post, amma wani hadedde tsarin da mahara ayyuka kamar wutar lantarki hira, aminci kariya, na fasaha iko, data sadarwa da sauransu, EVSE ne ba kawai a post, da aminci tsarin, amma cewa m tsarin. kariya, kulawar hankali, sadarwar bayanai da sauran ayyuka masu yawa. Yana ba da aminci, inganci da ma'amalar makamashi mai hankali tsakanin motocin lantarki da grid ɗin wutar lantarki, kuma shine maɓalli na hanyar sadarwar sufuri mai hankali.
Dangane da rahoton Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya (IEA) na 2024, yawan ci gaban shekara-shekara na jigilar EVSE a Turai da Amurka ya fi 30%, kuma hankali da haɗin kai sun zama babban yanayin masana'antu. Bayanai daga Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka sun nuna cewa adadin tashohin cajin jama'a a Arewacin Amurka ya zarce 150,000, sannan kuma manyan kasashen Turai suna kara tsara hanyoyin samar da ababen more rayuwa.
Babban abubuwan da ke cikin kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarkin abin hawa
Tsarin tsari na EVSE yana ƙayyade amincin sa, amintacce da matakin hankali. Manyan abubuwan da suka hada da:
1. harsashi
Shell shine "garkuwar" EVSE, yawanci ana yin shi da kayan haɓaka mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi (kamar bakin karfe, aluminum gami, robobi na injiniya), tare da hana ruwa, ƙura, juriya mai tasiri da sauran halaye. Babban matakin kariya (misali IP54/IP65) yana tabbatar da kayan aiki don aiki da ƙarfi na dogon lokaci a waje da matsanancin yanayi.
2. Main Board Circuit
Babban da'irar allon shine "cibiyar jijiya" na EVSE, alhakin canza wutar lantarki, sarrafa sigina, da sarrafa caji. Yana haɗa nau'in wutar lantarki, ma'aunin ma'auni, da'irar kariyar aminci (misali na yau da kullun, over-voltage, da kariyar gajeriyar kewayawa), da tsarin sadarwa don tabbatar da cewa tsarin caji yana da inganci da aminci.
3. Firmware
Firmware shine "tsarin aiki" na EVSE, wanda aka saka a cikin motherboard kuma yana da alhakin sarrafa ma'ana na na'urar, aiwatar da ka'idojin caji, saka idanu da haɓakawa mai nisa. Firmware mai inganci yana goyan bayan ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa daban-daban (misali OCPP, ISO 15118), wanda ke sauƙaƙe haɓaka ayyuka na gaba da haɓaka haɓakawa na hankali.
4. Tashoshi da igiyoyi
Tashoshi da igiyoyi sune "gada" tsakanin EVSE, EVs da grid na wutar lantarki. Tashar jiragen ruwa masu inganci da igiyoyi suna buƙatar zama masu ɗaukar nauyi, juriya mai zafi, juriya, da sauransu, don tabbatar da amintaccen watsa manyan igiyoyin ruwa na dogon lokaci. Wasu manyan EVSEs kuma an sanye su da na'urori masu ɗaukar hoto ta atomatik don haɓaka ƙwarewar mai amfani da rayuwar kayan aiki.
Teburin Kwatanta: Hardware vs. Babban Ayyukan Software
| Girma | Hardware (Na'urar EVSE) | Software (Gudanarwa & Dandalin Sabis) |
|---|---|---|
| Babban Matsayi | Samar da aminci da ingantaccen fitarwar wuta | Kunna gudanarwa mai nisa, nazarin bayanai, da tsara tsarawa mai hankali |
| Siffofin Na Musamman | Module na caji, tsarin kariya, ƙirar V2G | Gudanar da na'ura, sarrafa makamashi, biyan kuɗi, ƙididdigar bayanai |
| Hanyoyin Fasaha | Babban iko, modularization, ingantaccen kariya | Dandalin girgije, manyan bayanai, AI, buɗaɗɗen ladabi |
| Darajar Kasuwanci | Amincewar na'ura, dacewa, daidaitawa | Rage farashi da inganci, ƙirar ƙirar kasuwanci, ingantaccen ƙwarewar mai amfani |
Haɗin hanyar sadarwa: tushen hankali
EVSE na zamani gabaɗaya yana da ikon haɗin cibiyar sadarwa, ta hanyar Ethernet,Wi-Fi, 4G/5Gda sauran hanyoyin yin hulɗar bayanai na lokaci-lokaci tare da dandamali na girgije da tsarin gudanarwa. Haɗin hanyar sadarwa yana ba EVSE damar samunm saka idanu, ganewar asali, kayan haɓaka kayan aiki, tsare-tsare masu hankalida sauran ayyuka. EVSE da aka haɗa ba kawai yana haɓaka haɓakar O&M ba, har ma yana samar da tushen fasaha don ƙirar kasuwancin da ke tafiyar da bayanai (misali farashi mai ƙarfi, nazarin amfani da makamashi, nazarin halayen mai amfani).
Nau'in caja: rarrabuwa don biyan buƙatu daban-daban
An rarraba EVSE zuwa nau'ikan daban-daban bisa ga fitarwa na yanzu, saurin caji da yanayin aikace-aikacen:
| Nau'in | Babban Siffofin | Yanayin Aikace-aikace na al'ada |
|---|---|---|
| AC Charger | Fitarwa 220V/380V AC, ikon ≤22kW | Gida, Gine-ginen ofis, Manyan kantuna |
| DC Fast Caja | Abubuwan fitarwa na DC, ikon zuwa 350kW ko sama | Manyan Hanyoyi, Tashoshin Cajin Cikin Gari |
| Wireless Charger | Yana amfani da shigarwar lantarki, babu buƙatar toshe ko cire igiyoyi | Manyan Mazauna, Wuraren Kiliya Na Gaba |
Cajin AC:dace da filin ajiye motoci na dogon lokaci, jinkirin caji, ƙarancin kayan aiki, dacewa da gida da ofis.
Cajin gaggawa na DC:dace da saurin cajin buƙatun buƙatun, saurin caji mai sauri, dacewa da cibiyoyin jama'a da birane.
Cajin mara waya:fasahohin da ke tasowa, haɓaka sauƙin mai amfani, babban yuwuwar ci gaban gaba.
Teburin kwatanta: AC vs. DC caja
| Abu | AC Charger | DC Fast Caja |
|---|---|---|
| Fitowar Yanzu | AC | DC |
| Wutar Wuta | 3.5-22 kW | 30-350 kW |
| Saurin Caji | Sannu a hankali | Mai sauri |
| Yanayin aikace-aikace | Gida, Gine-ginen ofis, Manyan kantuna | Yin Cajin Jama'a, Manyan Hanyoyi |
| Kudin shigarwa | Ƙananan | Babban |
| Halayen Wayayye | Ana Goyan bayan Ayyukan Wayo na asali | Advanced Smart da Nesa Gudanarwa Ana Goyan bayan |
Tashoshi da igiyoyi: Garanti na Tsaro da Daidaituwa
A cikin tsarin Samar da Motocin Lantarki (EVSE), tashoshin jiragen ruwa da igiyoyi ba kawai hanyoyin samar da makamashin lantarki ba ne - su ne mahimman abubuwan da ke tabbatar da amincin tsarin caji da daidaiton kayan aiki. Kasashe da yankuna daban-daban suna ɗaukar matakan tashar jiragen ruwa daban-daban, tare da nau'ikan gama gari ciki har daNau'in 1 (SAE J1772, da farko ana amfani dashi a Arewacin Amurka),Nau'i na 2(IEC 62196, wanda aka karɓa sosai a Turai), daGB/T(ma'aunin kasa a kasar Sin). Zaɓin ma'aunin tashar jiragen ruwa da ya dace yana ba EVSE damar dacewa da nau'ikan nau'ikan abin hawa, don haka haɓaka ƙwarewar mai amfani da faɗaɗa isar da kasuwa.
Dole ne igiyoyin caji masu inganci su mallaki fasalulluka na ayyuka da yawa.
Da fari dai, juriya na zafi yana tabbatar da cewa kebul ɗin zai iya jure aiki mai tsayi mai tsayi ba tare da lalacewa ko lalacewa ba.
Na biyu, kyakkyawan sassauci da juriya na lanƙwasa suna ba da damar kebul ɗin ya kasance mai ɗorewa kuma abin dogaro koda bayan maimaita amfani da murɗawa.
Bugu da ƙari, juriya na ruwa da ƙura suna da mahimmanci don jure wa matsanancin yanayi na waje, yana ƙara tsawon rayuwar kayan aiki. Wasu samfuran EVSE masu ci-gaba suna sanye da fasaha na ƙwarewa mai hankali, waɗanda za su iya gano nau'in abin hawan da aka haɗa kai tsaye da daidaita sigogin caji daidai.
A lokaci guda, ayyukan kullewa ta atomatik suna taimakawa hana cire plugging na haɗari ko ƙeta, suna haɓaka amincin caji da ƙarfin sata. Zaɓin tashoshin jiragen ruwa da igiyoyi waɗanda ke da aminci, masu dacewa sosai, da hankali yana da mahimmanci don gina ingantaccen hanyar caji mai inganci.
Nau'in masu haɗawa: ƙa'idodi na duniya da haɓaka
Mai haɗawa shine haɗin kai tsaye ta jiki tsakanin EVSE da motar lantarki. Manyan nau'ikan sune:
Nau'in 1 (SAE J1772): na al'ada a Arewacin Amurka, don cajin AC lokaci-lokaci.
Nau'in 2 (IEC 62196): Mainstream a Turai, yana goyan bayan lokaci-ɗaya da AC guda uku.
CCS (Haɗin Cajin Tsarin): mai jituwa tare da AC da DC caji mai sauri, na yau da kullun a Turai da Amurka.
CHAdeMO:Jafan na al'ada, wanda aka tsara don caji mai sauri na DC.
GB/T:Ma'aunin ƙasa na China, wanda ke rufe duka cajin AC da DC.
Yanayin duniya yana zuwa ga daidaituwar ma'auni da yawa da babban caji mai sauri. Zaɓin EVSE mai dacewa yana taimakawa haɓaka ɗaukar hoto da ƙwarewar mai amfani.
Teburin kwatance: Ma'auni na gama gari
| Daidaitawa | Yanki Mai Aiwatarwa | Nau'in Yanzu Mai Tallafawa | Wutar Wuta | Nau'in Mota masu jituwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'i na 1 | Amirka ta Arewa | AC | ≤19.2kW | Amurka, Wasu Jafananci |
| Nau'i na 2 | Turai | AC | ≤43 kW | Bature, Wasu Sinawa |
| CCS | Turai & Arewacin Amurka | AC/DC | ≤350kW | Alamomi da yawa |
| CHAdeMO | Japan, Wasu Turai & NA | DC | ≤62.5kW | Jafananci, Wasu Turawa |
| GB/T | China | AC/DC | ≤250kW | Sinanci |
Siffofin gama gari na Caja: Hankali, Ayyukan Tushen Bayanai, da Haɓaka Kasuwanci
EVSEs na zamani ba “kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki bane kawai” amma tashoshi masu hankali. Babban fasalin su yawanci sun haɗa da:
• Kuɗi mai Wayo:Yana goyan bayan hanyoyin lissafin kuɗi daban-daban (ta lokaci, ta hanyar kuzari, farashi mai ƙarfi), sauƙaƙe ayyukan kasuwanci.
• Kulawa da Nisa:Saka idanu na ainihi na matsayin na'urar, tare da goyan bayan gano kuskuren nesa da kiyayewa.
• Cajin da aka tsara:Masu amfani za su iya ajiye wuraren caji ta hanyar aikace-aikace ko dandamali, inganta amfani da albarkatu.
• Gudanar da kaya:Yana daidaita wutar lantarki ta atomatik bisa nauyin grid don gujewa matsananciyar buƙata.
•Tarin Bayanai da Nazari:Yana rikodin bayanan caji, yana goyan bayan kididdigar yawan kuzari, sa ido kan fitar da carbon, da nazarin halayen mai amfani.
• Ɗaukaka Firmware na Nisa:Yana ba da sabbin abubuwa da facin tsaro akan hanyar sadarwar don ci gaba da sabunta na'urori.
• Gudanar da Masu Amfani da yawa:Yana goyan bayan asusu da yawa da matsayi na izini, yana sauƙaƙa gudanarwa ta tsakiya ga abokan ciniki.
• Ƙimar-Ƙara Bayanan Sabis:Kamar isar da talla, sarrafa membobin, da haɓaka makamashi.
Yanayin Gaba
V2G (Haɗin Mota-zuwa-Grid):Motocin lantarki na iya juyar da wutar lantarki, suna fahimtar kwararar makamashi ta hanyoyi biyu.
Cajin mara waya:Yana haɓaka dacewa kuma ya dace da babban wurin zama da yanayin tuki mai cin gashin kansa na gaba.
Yin Kiliya ta atomatik:Haɗe tare da tuƙi mai cin gashin kansa, gane ƙwarewar caji mara matuƙi.
Haɗin Makamashi Green:Haɗe sosai tare da hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa kamar hasken rana da makamashin iska don haɓaka ƙananan jigilar carbon.
FAQ
1.What is Electric Vehicle Supply Equiply (EVSE)?
2.Menene mahimman abubuwan EVSE?
Sun haɗa da shinge, babban allon kewayawa, firmware, tashar jiragen ruwa, da igiyoyi. Kowane bangare yana rinjayar aminci da matakin hankali na kayan aiki.
3.Ta yaya EVSE ke samun kulawar hankali?
Ta hanyar haɗin yanar gizo, saka idanu mai nisa, nazarin bayanai, da lissafin kuɗi mai wayo, EVSE yana ba da damar gudanar da aiki mai inganci da hankali.
4.What are mainstream EVSE connector standards?
Sun haɗa da Nau'in 1, Nau'in 2, CCS, CHAdeMO, da GB/T. Matsayi daban-daban sun dace da kasuwanni daban-daban da samfuran abin hawa.
5. Menene abubuwan da ke faruwa a nan gaba a cikin masana'antar EVSE?
Hankali, haɗin kai, haɓakar kore da ƙarancin carbon, da ƙirar ƙirar kasuwanci za su zama na yau da kullun, tare da sabbin fasahohi kamar V2G da cajin mara waya na ci gaba da fitowa.
Tushen Iko:
Rahoton Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka na Cajin Kayan Aikin Gida
Ƙungiyar Masu Kera Motoci ta Turai (ACEA)
Sashen Sufuri na Amurka EVSE Toolkit
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-22-2025