EV sun sami babban ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Daga 2017 zuwa 2022. Matsakaicin yawan zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa ya karu daga kilomita 212 zuwa kilomita 500, kuma har yanzu yawan zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa yana karuwa, kuma wasu samfuran na iya kaiwa kilomita 1,000. Cikakken cajin kewayon tafiye-tafiye yana nufin barin wuta ya ragu daga 100% zuwa 0%, amma ana yarda da cewa amfani da baturi a iyaka ba shi da kyau.
Nawa ne mafi kyawun cajin EV? Cikakken caji zai lalata baturin? A gefe guda, cire baturin gaba ɗaya yana da kyau ga baturin? Wace hanya ce mafi kyau don cajin baturin motar lantarki?
1. Ba a ba da shawarar yin cikakken cajin baturin wuta ba
Batirin abin hawa na lantarki yawanci suna amfani da ƙwayoyin lithium-ion. Kamar sauran na'urori masu amfani da batir lithium, irin su wayoyin hannu da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, yin caji zuwa 100% na iya barin baturin a cikin rashin kwanciyar hankali, wanda zai iya yin mummunan tasiri ga SOC (State of Charge) ko kuma haifar da gazawar bala'i. Lokacin da batirin wutar da ke kan jirgi ya cika kuma ya ƙare, ions lithium ba za a iya saka su kuma su tara a tashar caji don samar da dendrites ba. Wannan sinadari na iya huda wutar lantarki cikin sauki kuma ya samar da gajeriyar da'ira, wanda zai sa abin hawa ya kunna wuta nan da nan. Abin farin ciki, gazawar bala'i ba kasafai ba ne, amma suna iya haifar da lalacewar baturi. Lokacin da lithium ions suka fuskanci halayen gefe a cikin electrolyte wanda ke haifar da asarar lithium, suna fita daga sake zagayowar cajin. Wannan yawanci saboda yanayin zafi mai girma da makamashin da aka adana ke samarwa lokacin da aka caje shi zuwa iya aiki na ƙarshe. Saboda haka, wuce gona da iri zai haifar da canje-canje da ba za a iya canzawa ba a cikin tsarin ingantaccen lantarki mai aiki na baturi da rugujewar wutar lantarki, yana rage rayuwar sabis na baturin. Yin cajin abin hawan lantarki lokaci-lokaci zuwa 100% ba zai yuwu ya haifar da matsaloli masu yiwuwa nan da nan ba, saboda yanayi na musamman ba zai iya guje wa cikakken cajin abin hawa ba. Koyaya, idan batirin motar ya cika na dogon lokaci kuma akai-akai, matsaloli zasu taso.
2. Ko 100% da aka nuna yana da cikakken caji
Wasu masu kera motoci sun ƙirƙira masu kariya don cajin EV don kula da SOC lafiya muddin zai yiwu. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan dashboard ɗin mota ya nuna cajin kashi 100, a zahiri ba ya kai iyakar da zai iya shafar lafiyar batirin. Wannan saitin, ko kwantar da hankali, yana rage lalata baturi, kuma yawancin masu kera motoci suna iya yin ƙwazo zuwa wannan ƙira don kiyaye abin hawa cikin mafi kyawun siffa mai yuwuwa.
3. Nisantar yawan fitar da ruwa
Gabaɗaya magana, ci gaba da yin cajin baturi fiye da kashi 50% na ƙarfinsa zai rage adadin da ake tsammani na zagayowar baturin. Misali idan aka yi cajin baturi zuwa kashi 100 da kuma fitar da shi kasa da kashi 50 cikin 100 zai takaita rayuwarsa, sannan cajin shi zuwa kashi 80 cikin 100 da fitar da shi kasa da kashi 30, shi ma zai rage rayuwarsa. Nawa ne zurfin fitarwar DOD (Zirrin fitarwa) ke shafar rayuwar baturi? Baturin da aka zagaya zuwa 50% DOD zai sami ƙarin ƙarfi sau 4 fiye da baturin da aka zagaya zuwa 100% DOD. Tunda kusan ba a cika fitar da batirin EV da gaske ba - la'akari da kariyar kariyar, a zahiri tasirin fitarwa mai zurfi na iya zama ƙasa da ƙasa, amma har yanzu yana da mahimmanci.
4. Yadda ake cajin motocin lantarki da tsawaita rayuwar batir
1) Kula da lokacin caji, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da jinkirin caji Hannun cajin sababbin motocin makamashi suna rarraba zuwa caji mai sauri da jinkirin caji. A hankali caji gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar sa'o'i 8 zuwa 10, yayin da saurin caji gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar rabin sa'a don cajin kashi 80% na wutar lantarki, kuma ana iya cajin shi cikakke cikin awanni 2. Koyaya, caji mai sauri zai yi amfani da babban halin yanzu da iko, wanda zai yi tasiri sosai akan fakitin baturi. Idan yin caji da sauri, zai kuma haifar da ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi, wanda zai rage rayuwar baturin wuta akan lokaci, don haka har yanzu shine zaɓi na farko idan lokaci ya ba da izini. Hanyar caji a hankali. Ya kamata a lura cewa lokacin caji bai kamata ya yi tsayi da yawa ba, in ba haka ba zai haifar da caji mai yawa kuma ya sa baturin abin hawa ya yi zafi.
2) Kula da wutar lantarki lokacin tuƙi kuma guje wa zurfafa fitarwa Sabbin motocin makamashi gabaɗaya za su tunatar da ku da ku yi caji da wuri-wuri lokacin da ragowar wutar ta kasance 20% zuwa 30%. Idan ka ci gaba da tuƙi a wannan lokacin, baturin zai yi zurfi sosai, wanda kuma zai rage rayuwar baturi. Don haka, lokacin da ragowar ƙarfin baturin ya yi ƙasa, ya kamata a yi caji cikin lokaci.
3) Lokacin da ake adanawa na dogon lokaci, kar batirin ya ɓace idan motar za ta daɗe a ajiye, tabbatar da cewa batir ya ɓace. Batirin yana da saurin kamuwa da sulfation a cikin yanayin asarar wutar lantarki, kuma kristal sulfate na gubar yana manne da farantin, wanda zai toshe tashar ion, haifar da ƙarancin caji, da rage ƙarfin baturi. Don haka, ya kamata a yi cajin sabbin motocin makamashi gabaɗaya lokacin da suke ajiyewa na dogon lokaci. Ana ba da shawarar yin caji akai-akai don kiyaye baturin a cikin koshin lafiya.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-12-2023